C++ Topics

This directory contains detailed notes and explanations for various C++ concepts, organized by category.

Directory Structure

Object-Oriented Programming (oop/)

Focus: OOP principles and C++ implementation

Topics:

• PillarsofOOP.md - The four pillars: Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism
• classes.md - Complete tutorial on OOP types, inheritance, polymorphism, operators, and exceptions
• Exception.md - Exception handling in C++

Prerequisites: Basic C++ syntax
Related: OOP Tutorial, OOP Problems

C++ Fundamentals (cpp-fundamentals/)

Focus: Core C++ language features and syntax

Topics:

• pointers.md - Pointers, references, and memory addresses
• arguments.md - Function parameters and argument passing
• file.md - File I/O operations
• lambda.md - Lambda expressions and anonymous functions
• templates.md - Function and class templates

Prerequisites: Basic programming concepts
Related: Code Examples

Advanced C++ (advanced/)

Focus: Advanced features and modern C++ practices

Topics:

• stl.md - Standard Template Library (containers, algorithms, iterators)
• ruleofFive.md - Rule of Five (destructor, copy/move constructors, copy/move assignment)
• c++11.md - Move semantics, lvalue/rvalue references, std::move
• smartpointers.md - Smart pointers (unique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr)
• constexpr.md - Compile-time evaluation with constexpr, consteval, constinit
• auto-decltype.md - Type deduction with auto and decltype
• range-for.md - Range-based for loops and iteration patterns
• variadic-templates.md - Variadic templates and fold expressions
• optional-variant-any.md - std::optional, std::variant, std::any (C++17)
• template-specialization.md - Full and partial template specialization
• scoped-enums.md - enum class and type-safe enumerations
• advanced-cpp20.md - Overview of major C++20 features
• concepts.md - Template constraints with C++20 concepts
• ranges.md - Lazy, composable sequence processing with ranges
• modules.md - Module-based organization in C++20

Prerequisites: Strong understanding of C++ fundamentals
Related: Advanced assignments

Algorithms (algorithms/)

Focus: Algorithm implementation and problem-solving

Topics:

• mergesort.md - Merge sort algorithm and implementation

Prerequisites: Basic data structures knowledge
Related: Practice Problems, Sudoku Solver

Learning Path

Beginner Path

1. Start with C++ Fundamentals
   • Pointers and references
   • Function arguments
   • File I/O
2. Practice with basic code examples
3. Work through beginner problems

Intermediate Path

1. Study OOP concepts
   • Pillars of OOP
   • Exception handling
2. Learn Templates and Lambda
3. Complete OOP assignments

Advanced Path

1. Master STL
   • Containers (vector, map, set, etc.)
   • Algorithms (sort, find, transform, etc.)
   • Iterators
2. Understand Rule of Five
3. Learn Move Semantics (C++11)
4. Learn Smart Pointers
5. Explore Modern C++ features
   • constexpr and compile-time programming
   • auto and decltype
   • Range-based for loops
   • Variadic templates
   • std::optional, std::variant, std::any
6. Work on complex assignments

Additional Topics to Study

The following advanced topics are now available:

• Template Specialization - Partial and full template specialization
• Scoped Enums - enum class and type-safe enumerations
• Advanced C++20 Features
• Concepts
• Ranges
• Modules

See COURSE_OUTLINE.md for a complete list of planned topics.

How to Use These Notes

1. Read thoroughly: Take your time understanding each concept
2. Try examples: Type out and run the code examples
3. Modify code: Change examples to see what happens
4. Practice: Work on related problems after studying
5. Review: Revisit topics as you progress

Study Tips

• Build incrementally: Master basics before moving to advanced topics
• Code daily: Consistent practice is key
• Debug actively: When code breaks, figure out why
• Ask questions: Use office hours and forums
• Teach others: Explaining concepts reinforces learning

Related Materials

• Lectures: lectures/ - Weekly lecture notes
• Slides: slides/ - PowerPoint presentations
• Code Examples: code-examples/ - Practical implementations
• Assignments: assignments/ - Graded projects
• Practice: practice-problems/ - Additional exercises
• Resources: resources/ - Books, cheat sheets, external links

External Learning Resources

• YouTube:
  • C++ Programming Playlist
  • Mike Shah’s C++ Course
  • Additional C++ Resources
• Books:
  • See resources/books/ for recommended texts
  • Scott Meyers’ Effective C++ series
• Online:
  • cppreference.com
  • C++ Core Guidelines
  • Google C++ Style Guide

Remember: Understanding takes time. Don’t rush through topics. Practice, experiment, and ask questions!